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Cadillac Styling
The Fleetwood
System of Styling Codes
Part 1
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styling codes
In the classic thirties, Fleetwoods peak production volume ranged from 400 to 500 bodies every month, an incredible number when one considers the hand-finishing that went into each one of them.
My research into the use of styling code by Fleetwood, Cadillacs main body supplier since the early Twenties, has revealed a plethora of codes used in the Golden Years from the mid-Twenties to the late Thirties. In fact there was a limited selection of basic styles. However, by offering relatively simple variations to the habitable portion of these standard bodies, new, individual styles were created to satisfy quickly the desires of the most discerning and demanding customers - and delivery times could be kept down to one or two months. On the other hand, individual bodies requiring a major derivation from a catalog style could delay delivery up to four months.
One of the first of the "extra-special customs" made by Fleetwood in 1929, before operations came to a halt at the old coach works in the town of Fleetwood, PA, was the very first and unique Cadillac "Madame X", so named by Harley Earl after a character in a play of the same name which he had seen at the old Fisher Theater, across the street from the GM Building in downtown Detroit. The character had been played by one Pauline Fredericks to whom Earl had gone to pay his respects after the show (the actress Ruth Chatterton played the role again in ....). This unique car turned out to be a "prototype" for what was to become, the following year, the very stylish and rare "Madame X" series of four-door cars built on the new, sixteen-cylinder chassis. The first ones were built in Pennsylvania but production was soon transferred to the new Fleetwood shops in Detroit, starting in the second quarter 1930 [to find out more about the "Madame X" models, click here].
Getting back to Fleetwoods ingenious coding system, these consisted initially of four numerals, e.g. style 8015, of which the final two digits [in this case, "15"] identify the basic body type (e.g. a sedan, a limousine, a coupe, a town car, an open touring car, etc.) You can also tell from these digits if the car has quarter windows, a plain metal roof or a leather-covered one.
Later job/style numbers are broken down even further. The two initial digits, indicate a particular series of cars (e.g. "40" identifies a La Salle, "43" a Cadillac V-16 with a raised hood panel, etc.) As before, the final two digits identify the principal features of the habitable portion of the body from the cowl or windshield back (e.g. "02" identifies a roadster body, "12", "20" and "25" identify town cars with an open chauffeur compartment, "61" a close-coupled, five-passenger sedan or limousine, "75" a roomy sedan or limousine for seven passengers, etc.)
A letter suffix sometimes is used to identify a special or additional styling feature not usually found on the basic style. The suffix "S", for example, designates a sedan, that is an enclosed car for five or seven passengers, without a partition between the front and rear compartments (generally, enclosed cars comprised a partition). The suffix "C", short for "collapsible", is an indication that the rear roof portion over rear seat passengers may be folded back or "collapsed" in fair weather [I have found one exception: the 1940 La Salle style #5227C, which is a fixed-top coupe].
A list of initial and final digits follows later in this and the next section. But first a remark regarding the third digit of Fleetwood's 4-digit styling code for enclosed sedan and limousine styles. It may be nothing more than a coincidence but you will note that, in the style codes for the closed body styles, the 3rd digit generally corresponds to the number of passengers who could be accommodated, in addition to the driver. For example, enclosed styles with the 3rd digit "3" (e.g. styles 3830, 4330S, etc.) could carry two passengers in the rear and one up front (i.e. there was no auxiliary seating in addition to the full-width seat in the rear compartment); those with the 3rd digit "5" could carry four passengers in the rear and one up front (i.e. they featured two small, opera-type auxiliary seats in the rear compartment); finally, those with the 3rd digit "7" could carry up to six passengers in the rear and one up front (i.e. they had full-width auxiliary seating in the rear compartment). Was this intended by Fleetwood, or is this mere supposition on my part?
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Initial two digits of
Fleetwood Styling Codes
The initial two digits of Fleetwoods 4-digit styling codes give some indication either of the year of production, the engine configuration or certain basic body features or characteristics. In his book, Mr. Schild indicates that the first two digits of the Fleetwood job numbers identify only the general type of body; however, there seem to be many exceptions. The principal combinations that I have encountered in factory literature are listed below, in numerical order. "28" Styles 2891, 1927 Limousine Brougham and 2896 [unknown style]. I believe these are the only two recorded use of these initial digits. Already in 1927 Fleetwood used the two final digits "91"to distinguish between a dozen or so basic body types. For example, the final digits "91", introduced in 1927, were retained for the next decade to identify a roomy town brougham with ¼-windows and a plain metal roof. "29" (1) Style 2925, 1927 town cabriolet and 2950 [unknown style]. It seems that only two 1927 Fleetwood styles used these initial digits. Final digits "25" were also retained for the next decade to identify a 7-passenger town car with a leather-covered roof and no rear quarter windows. "29" (2) In the 1930-31 V16 production listings there is a unique style identified by the code 2950X. In this case, I believe that the initial digits "29" were merely an indication that the car was designed or built in 1929, during the initial phases of development of the V16. Some unique Fisher bodies mounted on the V16 chassis also were identified with initial digits "29", presumably for the same reason. Any factual information or clarification on this point would be greatly appreciated. "30" Initial digits "30" were used, inter alia, to identify body styles on the La Salle 125" wheel base V8 chassis for 1927, 1928 and 1929, e.g. styles 3051 and 3012, both town cars. Both cars had flat, vertical windshields and large, wind wings [note that the final digits "12" also were retained to identify, later, 5-passenger town cars with leather-covered roof and no rear quarter windows]. Two other styles used these initial digits, presumably for bodies built on the 138" wheel base V8 chassis; they were styles 3015, a Series 314 7-passenger limousine, and 3097, a Series 341 5-passenger limousine, again presumably on the 138" wheel base V8 chassis [summary: 3012-314, 3015-341A, 3051-303 & 328, 3078-314, 3097-341] "31" [convertible styles according to James J. Schild] Initial digits "31" were used variously for Cadillac and La Salle styles. In 1927, 1928 and 1929 they were applied to a town car body on the 125" wheel base V8 La Salle chassis, style 3130. This style featured a flat, vertical windshield and large, wind wings In 1929 it was applied to style 3180, a 5-passenger All-Weather phaeton on the 140" V8 Cadillac chassis; final digits "80" also were among those retained by Fleetwood for many years to identify the standard all-weather phaeton (AWP) and later convertible sedan. Two other La Salle styles on the 125" V8 chassis used these initial digits: 3110, a 2-passenger coupe, and 3120, a 5-passenger sedan. Style 3133 is an all-weather touring car; this style number was first used in 1928 and once again in 1929 for bodies on the 140" wheel base V8 Cadillac chassis, e.g. style 3180, an All-Weather phaeton, or AWP. That car weighed 4880 lbs and cost $5750. An outwardly identical style with an inner glass partition between front and rear compartments carries number 3880 [see below]. [summary: 3110-303, 3120-303, 3130-303 & 328, 3133-341B, 3136-341B, 3144-341, 3174-341B, 3180-341B, 3185-341, 3199-341B]. "32" [styles featuring a plain, rather than a scalloped hood, according to James J. Schild] - 1927 style 3275 was a limousine with jump seats. Initial digits "32" also were used in 1928, e.g. style 3274, a 5-passenger sport cabriolet sedan (presumably with a fixed leather roof). Style 3289A on the 452A V16 chassis for 1931 is an exception. I have a feeling this may have been a late order Series 452A car, designed and built in 1932 (59 units of 1930-31 V16 production were effectively built in February, 1932). [summary: 3200-314, 3202-314, 3208-341B, 3238-341B, 3260-314, 3260S-314,3261-314, 3261S-314, 3274-341B, 3275-314, 3275S-314, 3276-314, 3289A-452].
"33" Style 3375, a 7-passenger imperial built in 1928; another was built in 1930 (style 3350, an all-weather phaeton on the 152" wheel base V8 chassis for 1930). Two bodies were built also on the 134" wheel base V8 La Salle chassis for 1930 (styles 3351 and 3364). [summary: 3300-314 &341A, 3350-353, 3351-340, 3360-341A, 3360C-341A, 3361-341A, 3361S-341A, 3364-340, 3375-341A, 3375S-341A, 3376-341A].
"34" Style 3412, a town car built in 1928 on the 152" wheel base chassis.[summary: 3412-341B & 353, 3435-341B & 353, 3475-341A]. "35" [only town car styles according to James J. Schild] Cars with a styling code beginning with these two digits featured the Pennsylvania-built, vertical, "V"- type windshield, e.g. styles 3512, a 1928 5-passenger town car, 3591, a town brougham, and 3525C, another town car with leather-covered roof and collapsible rear quarters, all on the 140" wheel base V8 chassis for 1928; these are listed as "Special Fleetwood Custom" models. More were built in 1929. A beautiful, restored example may be admired in the Self Starter for 2/91 [cover and pp. 4-5]. [summary: 3512-341, 3512C-341, 3512CP-341B, 3512P-341B, 3515-341, 3520-341, 3520C-341, 3520CP-341B, 3520P-341B, 3525-341, 3525C-341, 3525CP-341B, 3525P-341B, 3550-341, 3550C-341, 3591-341, 3591C-341, 3591CP-341B, 3591P-341B]. "37" These digits were used to identify bodies on the 134" wheel base V8 La Salle chassis in 1928 and 1929, e.g. 3751, a La Salle town cabriolet. [summary: 3751-303 & 328, 3751C-328, 3780-328]. "38" [only sedan styles (and some convertibles) according to James J. Schild] These initial digits identify styles built only on the 140" wheel base V8 Cadillac, Series 341B, in 1929, e.g. 3880, an AWP with glass division and 3875S, a sedan for 7 passengers [sample ID tag, below]. [summary: 3830, 3830C, 3830S, 3830SC, 3855, 3855C, 3855S, 3855SC, 3861, 3861C, 3861S, 3861SC, 3875, 3875C, 3875S, 3875SC, 3875X, 3875XS, 3880, 3885, 3891].
[summary: 3902, 3912, 3912C, 3920, 3920C, 3925, 3925C, 3930, 3930S, 3950, 3955, 3955S, 3975, 3975S, 3980, 3981, 3982, 3991, 3991C]. "40" These are the initial digits used to identify bodies only on the 134" wheel base V8 La Salle Series 40 for 1930, e.g. style 4082, the Fleetwood "Fleetwind" sedanette. [summary: 4002, 4057, 4060, 4080, 4081, 4082]. "41" These digits identify a body style built on the 134" wheel base V8 La Salle Series 345A for 1930, style 4151, a town car, as well as one on the 140" wheel base V8 Cadillac Series 353 for 1930, style 4164B [a custom job]. More importantly, however, they identify the most expensive body styles built for the 148" wheel base V16 chassis in 1930-31, including the renowned "Madame X" models, e.g. style 4130, a 5-passenger limousine. [V16 body style summary: 4130, 4130S, 4155, 4155C, 4155S, 4161, 4161C, 4161S, 4175, 4175C, 4175S]. "42" These digits were used mainly to identify 2-door convertible and town car styles built on the 148" wheel base V16 chassis for 1930-31, featuring a curved or "mail coach" sill and built in Detroit. It may be noted that two artist's drawings of convertible styles 4235 and 4280 featured in an original Fleetwood styling album (both styles illustrated with top up and down) show these cars with the horizontal or straight, "43"-type sill; in fact they were built with the correct curved sill typical of styles identified by initial digits "42". I may have come across a reference to a style #4202 roadster in the V8 line for 1931 but it is not listed in the MPL. [V16 body style summary: 4200, 4206, 4207, 4208, 4212, 4220, 4225, 4235, 4257A, 4257H, 4260, 4260B, 4264, 4264B, 4275, 4275C, 4276, 4280, 4285, 4291]. "43" These initial digits identify only the standard line of bodies mounted on the 148" wheel base V16 Cadillac chassis in 1930-31. Most of these too were built at the new Fleetwood shops in Detroit. The main features were a horizontal or straight body sill and a raised panel sweeping across the hood in a graceful curve and reaching down to the body sill on either side. In this respect, style 4302 was an exception; it had a plain hood. [V16 body style summary: 4302, 4312, 4312C, 4320, 4320C, 4325, 4325C, 4330, 4330S, 4335, 4355, 4355S, 4361S, 4375, 4375S, 4376, 4380, 4381, 4391, 4391C]. Two fine survivors using the raised hood panel as an ideal dividing line for the 2-tone paint combination "44" These are the initial digits of only two styles built on the 148" wheel base V16 Cadillac chassis in 1930-31 at the new Fleetwood shops in Detroit after April 1930; they featured the basic styling characteristics of cars with initial digits "43" without the raised, curved hood molding. Fleetwood could equally well have identified these two styles as 4312P and 4376P, just as they did for 1930 V8 style 3975P. |
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© 1996, Yann
Saunders and the Cadillac-LaSalle Club
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